Silicon and the State: French Innovation Policy in the Internet Age Год выпуска: 2004Автор: Gunnar TrumbullИздательство: Страниц: 0ISBN: 0815785976Описание Book DescriptionIn the early 1990s, French officials viewed with some concern the emerging and innovative high-technology sectors of the U.S. and British marketplace. Fearful of falling too far behind, the French government implemented a vast array of policies?from tax incentives for investing in risky high-tech start-ups to new standards for electronic signatures?designed to promote the commercialization of new economy technologies in France. The efforts have turned French innovation policy onits head. Traditional government and bank-financed research and development were replaced by private venture capital. Professionals in France?s technical elite?long accustomed to a secure career track in prestigious laboratories and industrial conglomerates?began moving into risky entrepreneurial ventures. New technologies, once developed exclusively by France?s national champions of the marketplace, such as Ariane, Airbus, and Renault, began to be commercialized by...
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Сергей, 11.06 Марина, спасибо вам огромное с вами приятно иметь дело. Все выполняете в кратчайшие сроки
