Год выпуска: 2011 Автор: Vahed Ghiasi Издательство: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Страниц: 116 ISBN: 9783844319002
Описание
Construction of a tunnel is made by successive operations which must be good connected: striking down, mucking out, temporary supporting, final covering, finishing. The performance of a tunnel basically depends on the ground nature, underground condition, and overburden load. For economic reasons, transportation, communications and others purposes tunnel is boring with the largest section (full-face boring, boring with the shield, boring with the tunnel constraction such as TBM, NATM and Cut & Cover methods).The development in urban areas can be included the construction of shallow tunnels in soft or hard soils and rocks. The construction of tunnels in shallow depth causes the ground to displace. Monitoring in the before and after construction the project are used for controlling the stability of structures. In all methods of tunneling the maximum amount of the rock mass overburden loads are loaded and the distribution of forces are exit from the first condition, with having...
