Год выпуска: 2013 Автор: Ahmed Al-Tabbakh Издательство: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Страниц: 156 ISBN: 9783659498930
Описание
Field electron emitters are the most advanced cold cathodes used in electron microscopes and electron lithography systems due to their low operating voltages, low energy spread and high brightness. Understanding the field emission characteristics of their materials is essential for the development of new cathodes/emitters. The limited budgets and the high cost of the characterization tools have restrained many researchers from investigating their materials and have restricted the parallel development of new cathodes. It is therefore, aimed to provide an integrated description of a characterization tool with which a complete field emission investigation is possible with high accuracy and relatively low cost. A simple configuration of a retarding field analyzer has been optimized, fabricated, and utilized for combined Fowler-Nordheim and quantitative total energy distribution measurements. A description of the instrumental set-up and the device performance are presented along with a...